News sharing likelihood was overall lower for non-mainstream news than mainstream news, but showed a greater decrease for mainstream news when nudged. unfamiliar non-mainstream) ( N = 929) experiment controlling for individual issue involvement, online news involvement, and news sharing experience revealed significant main and interaction effects from both factors.

no alert) × 2 (news source: legacy mainstream vs. Results from a 2 (nudge: fact-check alert vs. This study extends the nudge principle with media effects and credibility evaluation perspectives to examine whether the effectiveness of fact-check alerts to deter news sharing on social media is moderated by news source and whether this moderation is conditional upon users’ skepticism of mainstream media. Overall, our analysis shows an unsatisfactory status quo for data subjects that is shaped by power imbalances and a lack of reflexivity and democratic deliberation within platform governance. In interpreting our findings, we identify new folk theories about accuracy and meaningful transparency in emotion recognition. Furthermore, some challenged the technology altogether, highlighting that emotions are complex, relational, performative, and situated. While some participants argued that contemporary emotion recognition must be accurate, others raised concerns about possibilities for contesting the technology and called for better transparency.

We find that data subjects see accurate inferences as uncomfortable and as threatening their agency, pointing to privacy and ambiguity as desired design principles for social media platforms. Taking social media as one emotion recognition deployment context, we conducted interviews with data subjects (i.e., social media users) to investigate their notions about accuracy and transparency in emotion recognition and interrogate stated attitudes towards these notions and related folk theories. A marginalized perspective in these conversations is that of data subjects potentially affected by emotion recognition. The growth of technologies promising to infer emotions raises political and ethical concerns, including concerns regarding their accuracy and transparency.

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